02Architecture
1. The Operations Frontline (MCX User Equipment)
On the ground, the response is coordinated through three complementary components:
- Command Center: The dispatch center providing dashboards, group session control, and KPI monitoring, communicating via WebSocket and REST.
- Responder: The field operator's mobile device. Powered by an Android application (Jetpack Compose and MVVM architecture), it manages SIP registration and interacts with MCX services.
- UGV (Unmanned Ground Vehicle): A teleoperated vehicle equipped with a 5G module for real-time video and sensor data transmission.
2. Tactical Connectivity & Backhaul (Radio Access and NTN)
To overcome the lack of terrestrial coverage, the architecture uses an aerial base station mounted on a UAV. This acts as an edge gNB and UPF, providing the 5G radio interface (Uu) to field equipment. Traffic is backhauled via a non-terrestrial satellite link (NTN), using LEO constellations such as Starlink.
3. The Network Core (Network Infrastructure)
The core system is a virtualized Docker-based infrastructure composed of two main blocks:
- 5G Core Network: Based on Open5GS, providing mobility management, session handling, and policy control.
- IMS Core: Powered by Kamailio, providing CSCF functions, RTP servers, and subscriber databases (HSS) for SIP routing.
4. The Critical Services Layer (MCX Services)
MCX services are orchestrated at the application layer. The SIP AS handles Push-to-Talk (MCPTT), video streaming (MCVideo), and data sharing (MCData). The CSC (Common Services Core) manages configurations, location, identity, and cryptographic keys. This layer is supported by MongoDB and MQTT brokers (Mosquitto).
In summary: The system is an end-to-end, autonomous and redundant architecture. From the field operator interface to the core services and satellite infrastructure, it ensures control, situational awareness, and real-time communication in critical scenarios.